![]() ![]() The exothermic reaction and the heat of the remaining water filling the heating coat continue to rise the temperature over the set point. When the temperature of the reactor reaches approximately 70 ĚŠ C, the operator stops the hot water through the heating jacket (Fig. The reactor is closed and the heating starts. Initial amounts of initiator and monomer are added into the system as well as the whole amount of the polyvinyl alcohol. The production process is semi batch polymerization. The modeled reaction is polymerization of vinyl acetate using potassium persulphate as initiator and polyvinyl alcohol as protective colloid. ''Chemis d.o.o.'' is adhesive factory whit a quite complex chemical process emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. From there, the water in the cold water basin is pumped back to the processes served by the tower. The cooled water falls into a cold water basin, which typically is at the base of the IPCT. The warm, moist air then passes through the drift eliminator and exits the tower through the fan stack(s), carrying some residual drift out of the tower. A smaller portion of the water is entrained in the air stream as droplets of water which are called "drift" if they leave the tower. ![]() A small percentage of the water evaporates, cooling the circulating water and heating the air. As the water flows down the fill material, it contacts air that is drawn or forced across the fill material by one or more fans at the top of the tower. Fill material is used in cooling towers to create as much water surface as possible to enhance evaporation and heat transfer. The warm water is pumped to the top of the IPCT and is distributed across the distribution deck where it flows through a series of nozzles onto the top of the tower's fill material. Cooling towers cool the warm water by contacting it with ambient air. sent through an oil water separator,) then returned to the cooling tower. The warmed water is then is collected, cleaned, (e.g. ![]() Cooling is achieved by placing the water in direct contact with hot materials, picking up surface contaminants like oils and dirt. Some industries use direct contact cooling. Hot process fluids pass through one or more heat exchangers, condensers, etc., which allow heat to be transferred from the process fluids to the cooling tower water without any contact with the process materials. Most plants use indirect contact cooling (Fig. Dry cooling towers, HVAC, and CCT are not included in this report. Dry towers use a radiator like cooling unit instead of water evaporation. Cooling towers are classified as either wet towers or dry towers. Cooling towers used for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), are referred to as comfort cooling towers (CCT). All cooling towers that are used to remove heat from an industrial process or chemical reaction are referred to as industrial process cooling towers (IPCT). They are used in a variety of settings, including process cooling, power generation cycles, and air conditioning cycles. Cooling towers are heat exchangers that are used to dissipate large heat loads to the atmosphere. I NTRODUCTION Industrial process cooling towers recirculate water to cool hot process fluids. ![]()
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